Name: ___________________________________    Date: ______________



1.
Consciousness is characterized by:
A.
slow delta waves recorded on an EEG.
B.
a decrease in body temperature.
C.
a decrease in heart rate.
D.
an awareness of yourself and your environment.


2.
Infradian rhythm refers to:
A.
cycles affected by sunrise and sunset.
B.
cycles occurring less than once per day.
C.
temperature cycles of the body.
D.
the ups and downs over the course of a month.


3.
Careful research about women's moods during their menstrual cycles indicates:
A.
an increase in depression during the premenstrual and intermenstrual phase of the cycle.
B.
increases in creativity during the cycle.
C.
little connection between mood changes and menstrual cycle.
D.
women become more irritable and less happy during the premenstrual phase of their cycle.


4.
Braxton flew from California to New York. The next morning he felt tired when his alarm rang at 8 AM. Which of the following best explains his experience?
A.
Braxton's melatonin levels were elevated.
B.
Braxton's infradian rhythms were thrown off by his travel.
C.
It is likely that Braxton suffers from apnea that disrupts his sleep patterns.
D.
According to his body's internal clock it is still 5 AM.


5.
Which of the following monitors light levels in controlling your 24-hour sleep rhythm?
A.
cortex
B.
hippocampus
C.
pons
D.
hypothalamus


6.
According to the preservation theory of sleep, we sleep because:
A.
it was safer for our ancestors to sleep at night.
B.
our memories need to be preserved through sleep and dreams.
C.
sleep restores chemical supplies in the body.
D.
the brain is so active during the day, energy needs to be preserved at night.


7.
The restorative theory of sleep explains that sleep:
A.
allows us to recuperate from the daily wear and tear on our bodies.
B.
is needed because we need to dream about future events.
C.
protected us from nocturnal predators.
D.
restores the unconscious mind to a balanced state.


8.
Sleeping until noon or 1 PM on the weekend is an indication of:
A.
sleep disorder.
B.
insomnia.
C.
sleep debt.
D.
ultradian rhythm.


9.
Parents, students, and school officials are meeting to discuss changing the school bell schedule. As a student of psychology, what argument are you most likely to make in favor of beginning school later in the day?
A.
Sleep deprivation increases levels of the stress hormone cortisol, which is linked to brain cells responsible for learning.
B.
Sleep deprivation leads to decreases in hormone levels necessary for the immune system to work properly leading to more school absences.
C.
According to Dement, a large sleep debt “makes you stupid.”
D.
All of the answers are correct.


10.
Molly suffers from severe insomnia. Which of the following treatments may be effective in helping her get a good night's sleep?
A.
prescribed daily amounts of light therapy
B.
taking an over-the-counter sleeping medication
C.
medically controlled amounts of metatonin supplements
D.
nightly use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine


11.
Which of the following perspectives is most likely to argue that we sleep at night because it maximizes our safety and survival?
A.
evolutionary
B.
social-cultural
C.
psychodynamic
D.
humanism


12.
Dr. Dahab is examining a patient who is having trouble falling asleep at night. Dr. Dahab orders a CT scan of the patient's brain and a blood test. Which area of the brain and hormone is Dr. Dahab most likely curious about?
A.
brainstem; somnambulon
B.
cerebral cortex; estrogen
C.
hypothalamus; adrenaline
D.
hypothalamus; melatonin


13.
If you pull an all-nighter studying for a test, the restorative theory of sleep would predict:
A.
the melatonin level in your body would rise.
B.
you will be slightly more alert and awake because of the stress of sleep deprivation.
C.
your body did not get a chance to recuperate physically.
D.
your hypothalamus would decrease slightly in size.


14.
During which stage of sleep does the sleeper spend up to half of his or her total sleep time?
A.
Stage 1
B.
Stage 2
C.
Stage 4
D.
REM


15.
Which stage is characterized by slow-wave sleep with less than one cycle per second?
A.
Stage 1
B.
Stage 2
C.
Stage 4
D.
REM


16.
During which of the following sleep stages does the body rejuvenate itself?
A.
Stages 1 and 2
B.
Stages 2 and 3
C.
Stages 3 and 4
D.
Stages 4 and REM


17.
During a typical night's sleep, an individual will spend ________ total minutes in REM sleep.
A.
20
B.
30
C.
90
D.
100


18.
REM is sometimes called paradoxical sleep because:
A.
EEGs show that the brain is very relaxed, but this is the time when you are most physically active.
B.
you dream during REM and NREM sleep stages.
C.
if you are sleep deprived you will go immediately into REM sleep instead of following the normal cycle.
D.
internally you are aroused but externally you are temporarily paralyzed.


19.
Your sister says that she never dreams. Your psychology teacher taught you that everyone dreams every night. How can you best prove to your sister that she really does dream?
A.
Have your sister read your psychology textbook
B.
Wait until she has been asleep for 90 minutes then wake her.
C.
Wake her shortly after she enters Stage 1 sleep.
D.
Wait until she is sleepwalking, wake her, and ask her what she is dreaming about.


20.
While May is asleep her eyes are darting quickly under her closed lids and her breathing and pulse are fast and irregular. May is most likely:
A.
dreaming vividly.
B.
sleepwalking.
C.
experiencing slow wave sleep.
D.
easy to wake up.


21.
During a typical night's sleep of 8 to 9 hours, Betty can predict that her brain will cycle through the REM stage ________ times.
A.
1 – 2
B.
2 – 3
C.
3 – 4
D.
4 – 5


22.
Since Margie arrived home with her newborn she has gotten very little sleep. Based on psychological research, with such sleep deprivation what can we predict when Margie finally is finally able to sleep through the night?
A.
Margie will spend considerably more time in Stage 2 during her time asleep.
B.
Margie will sleep more deeply and experience fewer dreams than she would normally.
C.
Margie will not dream at all during her night's sleep.
D.
Margie will dive straight into REM sleep rather than follow a normal cycle.


23.
Based on Stanley Coren's research, insomnia sufferers should remember that:
A.
oral medications for insomnia may actually worsen the problem.
B.
alcohol suppresses REM sleep and leaves them feeling worse than before.
C.
4 percent of the population suffer from insomnia.
D.
it is easier to remember and exaggerate the times during the night when we were awake than asleep.


24.
Your 8-year-old brother was caught sleepwalking right out the front door! Your mother wants to wake him up and find out what type of dream he must have had to make him behave that way. How is your mother wrong?
A.
Sleepwalking does not occur during REM sleep because you are temporarily paralyzed during this dreaming stage.
B.
Your little brother was most likely in Stage 2 when most sleepwalking occurs and not likely dreaming.
C.
Somnabulism does not occur in children of this young age.
D.
It is dangerous to awaken someone who is sleepwalking.


25.
Nightmares are different from night terrors in that:
A.
only children experience nightmares.
B.
nightmares occur in REM, night terrors in Stage 4.
C.
you may have difficulty remembering a nightmare, but not a night terror.
D.
during a nightmare you appear awake and terrified, but are actually sound asleep.


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